Fabric knowledge commonly used in clothing customization
To customize a good piece of clothing, in addition to understanding the customization process, knowledge of fabrics is also necessary. The editor has compiled a list of commonly used fabric categories on the market so that you can make better choices
Complete knowledge of clothing fabrics
Fiber classification
Plant fibers: cotton, hemp
Animal fibers: silk, wool
Artificial fibers (regenerated): viscose, soybean fiber, glass fiber, metal fiber
Synthetic fibers: polyester, nylon, nitrile, vitamin C, propylene, ammonia, chlorinated polyester
Classification of yarn
Pure cotton yarn: combed/semi fine/combed (high uniformity, high strength, easy coloring)
Chemical fiber yarn: polyester, nitrile, viscose, chlorinated polyester yarn
Blended yarn: T/C, C/C, T/R
Stranded yarn: a yarn made by twisting two or more yarns together
Long filament: divided into single filament and double filament
Deformable yarns: high elasticity nylon yarn, low elasticity polyester yarn, acrylic expanded yarn
Fancy yarn: bamboo knot yarn, spiral small flower recognition yarn, foam yarn, iridescent yarn
Fabric classification
——Classified by the raw materials used in the yarn
Pure textile fabric
The warp and weft yarns of the fabric are composed of a single raw material. Such as cotton fabrics, linen fabrics, silk fabrics, wool fabrics, etc. woven from natural fibers. This also includes purified fiber fabrics woven from chemical fibers, such as artificial cotton, polyester silk, acrylic fiber, etc. The main feature is that it reflects the basic properties of its constituent fibers.
Blended fabric
A fabric made by blending two or more fibers with the same or different chemical compositions into yarn
Things. The main characteristic of blended fabrics is to reflect the superior performance of various fibers in the constituent materials, in order to improve the wearability of the fabric and expand its applicability to clothing. Varieties include: hemp polyester/cotton, etc/ Cotton, wool/cotton, wool/linen/silk, wool/polyester
Naming principle: The blend with a higher blending ratio comes first, the blend with a lower blending ratio comes second, synthetic fibers come second, and synthetic fibers come last.
Interwoven fabric
The warp and weft materials of the fabric are different, or one group of warp and weft yarns is long filament yarn and the other group is short fiber yarn,
Interwoven fabric. The basic properties of interwoven fabrics are determined by different types of yarns, generally having warp and weft directions
Unique characteristics. Its varieties include interwoven silk and wool, interwoven silk and cotton, etc.
——Classified by the method of forming fabric processing
Woven fabric
Refers to fabrics made by weaving warp and weft yarns with or without shuttle machines.
The main feature is that the fabric can be divided into warp and weft directions. When the warp and weft raw materials, yarn count, and density in the fabric are different, the fabric exhibits anisotropy.
Knitted fabric
A fabric made by using one or a group of yarns as raw materials and processing them into coil sleeves using a weft knitting machine or a warp knitting machine. According to the processing method, it can be divided into single-sided warp knitted fabric and double-sided warp knitted fabric.
Non-woven fabric
Refers to textiles that are directly composed of fiber layers through bonding, fusion, or other processing methods without traditional spinning and weaving processes.
Woven cotton fabric
——Classification
Divided by fabric organization: plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave
Classified by printing and dyeing processing: bleached cotton fabric, dyed cotton fabric, printed cotton fabric
Performance characteristics
Strong moisture absorption performance, good dyeing performance, and a shrinkage rate of around 3%; The company’s ready to wear clothing has undergone water washing treatment, with a shrinkage rate of less than 1%.
Excellent comfort, soft luster, firm and durable;
Good hand feel, poor elasticity, prone to wrinkling;
Alkali resistant but not acid resistant;
Light and heat resistance are average;
Not easily infested by insects, but susceptible to microbial erosion and rotting.
Style features
Plain weave fabric
The basic characteristic of plain weave fabric is the use of plain weave organization, with multiple interlacing points of yarns in the fabric, making the fabric stiff and stiff
Strong and durable, with better wear resistance and higher strength than other fabrics of the same specification. The fabric surface is even and the front and back sides are the same.
Twill fabric
Various diagonal weave structures are used to create diagonal patterns on the surface of the fabric, consisting of floating warp or weft lines.
Twill fabric – a medium thick low-grade twill cotton fabric. There are two types: coarse and fine (20-40 sticks). Both use 2/1 left
The twill weave has a slightly thicker and softer texture than flat fabric, with clear patterns on the front.
Khaki – a high-density fabric woven at a 3/1 right or left diagonal. The texture is firm and the fabric has a good luster.
Satin fabric category
Using various satin weave structures, the warp or weft yarns have long floating threads covering the surface of the fabric along the direction of the floating threads
Smooth and
Rich in luster, the cotton satin texture is soft and delicate, with elasticity. The pattern is more three-dimensional than cotton twill fabric.
Other organizational fabrics
Honeycomb fabric – The warp and weft yarns have longer floating lengths, presenting a three-dimensional effect of diamond shaped geometric shapes on the fabric surface,
Soft texture, good water absorption, rich and soft, easy to snag when worn.
Corduroy – a type of cotton fabric that is made up of a set of warp yarns and two sets of weft yarns interwoven, with the warp yarns and the weft yarns
Interweaving to form a solid plush, the woolen and warp yarns interweave and cut the plush, and the plush covers the fabric surface. After finishing, it forms various thicknesses
Different types of velvet strips.
Wick strip – a combination of plain weave, twill weave, and plain weave in a certain way to make the fabric outer
Observing the longitudinal, latitudinal, or oblique convex strip effect, the surface of the convex strip presents a plain or diagonal weave structure, and the convex strip
There are thin grooves between them.
Fleece fabric – a cotton fabric that is treated with a fleece to form a fluffy layer of fluff on the surface of the fabric. This kind of velvet
The presence of fluff in cloth increases the air and enhances its warmth. Therefore, velvet is commonly used as underwear or baby clothing,
Make people feel soft, thick, and comfortable. There are two types of velvet fabrics: single-sided velvet and double-sided velvet.
Knitted cotton fabric
The main difference between woven fabrics and knitted fabrics is that woven fabrics are made up of two sets of yarns, warp and weft, interwoven vertically, while knitted fabrics are made up of a set of yarns formed by knitting needles and other looping devices to form loops and string them together, similar to how we knit sweaters.
Performance characteristics
Soft texture
Greater extensibility and elasticity
Good breathability and wrinkle resistance
Easy to peel off, curl edges, easily snag threads, not as sturdy and durable as woven fabrics
Common varieties
Plain weave – composed of continuous unit coils that are connected in a unidirectional manner. Has detachment and severe curling, and is prone to warp deviation.
Rib pattern – has significant elasticity and extensibility in the horizontal direction. Not easy to detach, no curling, good dimensional stability.
French ribbed double-sided ribbed design has low lateral elasticity and poor dimensional stability.
Knitted jacquard – changing yarn thickness, quantity, color, etc. to form fabric patterns.
Chemical fiber fabric
——Artificial fiber fabric
Artificial fiber fabrics basically refer to viscose filament and short fiber fabrics, which are commonly known as artificial fibers
Cotton, synthetic silk fabrics, and viscose fiber blended fabrics.
Features
The moisture absorption performance is the best in synthetic fibers, and its wearing comfort and dyeing performance are better than synthetic fiber fabrics, but it shrinks
High rate;
Soft to the touch, vibrant in color, breathable and comfortable;
Good drape, poor rigidity, resilience, and wrinkle resistance, poor shape retention of clothing, and prone to wrinkling;
Good acid, alkali, and light resistance performance
——Polyester fabric
Has high strength and elastic recovery ability. Durable and sturdy, no ironing required, easy to wash and dry quickly. But it has poor moisture absorption, causing a stuffy and hot feeling when worn, and is prone to static electricity and dust contamination. Good acid, alkali, and light resistance, not afraid of mold and insect infestation.
——Acrylic fabric
It is known as synthetic wool, with elasticity and fluffiness comparable to natural wool, and a bright color. Not only does it have wrinkle resistance, but it also has good warmth retention, which is higher and lighter than similar wool fabrics. However, its moisture absorption is poor, and it feels stuffy when worn.
——Spandex elastic fabric
About 15%. Has light and heat resistance, and is lightweight. Spandex is a polyurethane fiber, also known as elastic fiber due to its excellent elasticity. Similar products made from natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen are suitable for making tight fitting clothes.
Fiber identification
The combustion method is one of the simple and commonly used methods for identifying fibers. It utilizes various fiber combustion characteristics
To identify the type of fiber. But only applicable to pure textiles and interwoven products. For blended new products and core packaging
Yarn products and products that have undergone fire-resistant finishing are not suitable.
Cotton: burns rapidly in flames, emitting grayish white smoke;
Ma: burns rapidly in flames, emitting white smoke;
Hair: gradually burning, with a fur smell, and after burning, there is a crispy black gray;
Polyester: first melted and then burned, with glassy black brown hard balls after combustion
Adhesive: Low strength, hardens when wet.
;
Characteristic comparison
Fading: cotton>blended>synthetic;
Easy to deform: knitted>woven;
